Stoicism, founded by Zeno of Citium in the 3rd century BCE, emphasizes self-control, rationality, and virtue as paths to happiness. It teaches the importance of distinguishing between what we can controlâour thoughts and actionsâand what we cannotâexternal events. By focusing on virtues like wisdom and courage, and accepting what we cannot change, we achieve emotional resilience. Prominent Stoics like Epictetus, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius have significantly influenced Western thought. Their teachings offer timeless guidance on maintaining tranquility and inner peace through mindfulness and self-discipline in the face of life's challenges.